Artículos de Revistas

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https://repositorio.uft.cl/handle/20.500.12254/2400

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Examinando Artículos de Revistas por Materia "3.2.24 - Psiquiatría||3.3.9 - Epidemiología"

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    Ítem
    Population-attributable risk of adverse childhood experiences for high suicide risk, psychiatric admissions, and recurrent depression, in depressed outpatients
    (Taylor & Francis online, 2021-02-19) Gloger, Sergio
    Background: To assess whether linear effects or threshold effects best describe theassociation between early adverse stress (EAS) and complex and severe depression (i.e.,depression with treatment resistance, psychotic symptoms, and/or suicidal ideation), andto examine the attributable risk of complex and severe depression associated with EAS.Methods:A cross‐sectional study was conducted using deidentified clinical data (ondemographics, presence of complex and severe depression, and exposure to seventypes of EAS) from 1,013 adults who were seen in an outpatient mental health clinicin Santiago, Chile, for a major depressive episode. Multivariate logistic regressionswere fitted to estimate odds ratios (ORs), using a bootstrap approach to compute95% bias‐corrected confidence intervals (95% BC CIs). A detailed examination ofthe cumulative risk score and calculations of the attributable risk was conducted.Results:Exposure to at least five EASs was reported by 3.6% of the sample. In themultivariate logistic regression models, there was a marked increase in the odds ofhaving complex and severe depression associated with exposure to at least fiveEASs (OR = 4.24; 95% BC CI: 1.25 to 9.09), according to a threshold effect. Theattributable risk of complex and severe depression associated with exposure to atleast one EAS was 36.8% (95% BC CI: 17.7 to 55.9).Conclusions:High levels of EAS distinctively contribute to complex clinical pre-sentations of depression in adulthood. Patients with complex clinical presentationsof depression and history of EAS should need a differentiated treatment approach,particularly those having high levels of EAS.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    “What if we get sick?”: Spanish adaptation and validation of the fear of illness and virus evaluation scale (FIVE) in a non-clinical sample exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-03-11) Cottin, Marianne
    Distinct sources of stress have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, fear is expected to generate significant psychological burden on individuals and influence on either unsafe behavior that may hinder recovery efforts or virus-mitigating behaviors. However, little is known about the properties of measures to capture them in research and clinical settings. To resolve this gap, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel measure of fear of illness and viruses and tested its predictive value for future development of distress. We extracted a random sample of 450 Chilean adult participants from a large cross-sectional survey panel and invited to participate in this intensive longitudinal study for 35 days. Of these, 163 ended up enrolling in the study after the demanding nature of the measurement schedule was clearly explained to them. For this final sample, we calculated different Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) to evaluate the preliminary proposed structure for the instrument. Complementarily, we conducted a content analysis of the items to qualitatively extract its latent structure, which was also subject to empirical test via CFA. Results indicated that the original structure did not fit the data well; however, the new proposed structure based on the content analysis did. Overall, the modified instrument showed good reliability through all subscales both by its internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.814 to 0.913, and with test-retest correlations ranging from 0.715 to 0.804. Regarding its convergent validity, individuals who scored higher in fears tended to also score higher in depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms at baseline. Furthermore, higher fears at baseline predicted a higher score in posttraumatic stress symptomatology 7 days later. These results provide evidence for the validity, reliability, and predictive performance of the scale. As the scale is free and multidimensional potentially not circumscribed to COVID-19, it might work as a step toward understanding the psychological impact of current and future pandemics, or further life-threatening health situations of similar characteristics. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions for research are discussed.