Ingeniería Civil Industrial

URI permanente para esta comunidad

https://repositorio.uft.cl/handle/20.500.12254/2434

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A bi-objective optimization model to plan vaccination campaigns aided by temporary centers
(Wiley, 2026) Montenegro-Dos Santos, Fernando
Vaccination campaigns have saved thousands of lives and reached even the world’s most remote areas. However, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the strategies for such campaigns. It is now crucial to rigorously consider new factors when planning the operational aspects of these campaigns, particularly for last-mile vaccine dispensing. First, a large share of the population must be vaccinated, with emphasis on vulnerable groups at higher risk. Second, if the virus is highly contagious and capable of asymptomatic transmission, implementing public health measures at vaccination sites becomes paramount. To address these challenges, we propose a bi-objective optimization model to support healthcare decision-making. It defines a schedule for locating temporary vaccination centers and assigning populations to permanent and temporary sites over a planning horizon. Moreover, we formalize and validate a minimum set of properties for a function-based prioritization mechanism to ensure consistent prioritization. One objective prioritizes vaccinating vulnerable groups according to our novel function-based approach, while the other minimizes the operational costs of temporary centers. In the complex environment of a pandemic, the strategic integration and use of temporary and permanent vaccination centers is vital for creating a robust and responsive vaccination strategy. Temporary centers, whose locations are determined by the model, improve access for hard-to-reach groups, contribute to minimizing crowding at permanent sites, and lower infection risks. Our results, demonstrated through a case study, show that the model effectively allocates resources and generates various vaccination plans that cater to different priority levels assigned to each objective, thereby offering valuable decision support.
Desarrollo de andamios porosos con diversas geometrías para la cicratrización de la piel quemada aplicando modelado CAD y tecnología 3D
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Ingeniería, 2025) Bautista Acevedo, Allison Daniksa; Pávez, Hector prof. guía
La piel es el órgano más grande en vertebrados cumpliendo funciones cruciales como la regulación de temperatura del cuerpo y como barrera externa de protección contra patógenos y sustancias químicas. La piel está compuesta por células y tejido conjuntivo organizado en tres capas: la epidermis, que actúa como barrera externa; la dermis, que aporta soporte y elasticidad gracias a los fibroblastos y la matriz extracelular; y la hipodermis, responsable del aislamiento térmico y la amortiguación. Una de las características esenciales de la piel es su elasticidad, la cual influye en diversos procesos biológicos como la cicatrización de heridas. La falta de tratamientos eficaces y personalizados para la curación de quemaduras profundas sigue siendo un desafío clínico, en el que se busca mejorar y acelerar el proceso de cicatrización. La ingeniería de tejidos ofrece soluciones mediante diversas técnicas de fabricación de andamios con biomateriales que imitan la función de la matriz extracelular, favoreciendo la regeneración de tejido dañado. El presente trabajo trata sobre el diseño y la fabricación de andamios porosos utilizando Biomateriales y Fibroblastos. Para ello se utilizan técnicas como el modelado CAD (Diseño Asistido por Computadora), que permite crear modelos digitales precisos, y la impresión 3D, una tecnología de fabricación aditiva que construye estructuras capa por capa a partir de estos modelos. Además, se evalúa el diseño y el comportamiento mecánico del andamio mediante ensayos de comprensión y simulación por computadora. Los resultados obtenidos fueron favorables, demostrando la compatibilidad de la mezcla de Agar, DMEM y Miel con los Fibroblastos, favoreciendo su proliferación. Los resultados en las simulaciones en Flexión y Extensión de muñeca evidenciaron un buen desempeño mecánico del andamio, con alta resistencia y capacidad de deformación sin fallar. Además, gracias a los ensayos biológicos y las simulaciones en andamios con diferentes poros se concluyó que un diseño óptimo debe priorizar la flexibilidad y proporcionar un espacio adecuado para la proliferación celular, favoreciendo a una mejor cicatrización.
Design of an EEG analytical methodology for the analysis and interpretation of cerebral connectivity signals
(Elsevier, 2021-02-20) Córdova, Felisa M.
The objective of this study is to design an Electroencephalographic (EEG) analytic methodology that allows to develop a variety of analysis and interpretations of brain signals. The initial phase considers the acquisition and filtering of EEG signals, the division into bands in data ranges, and the storage of EEG signals in a cloud data base. Then, an analytical phase considering descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analysis is accomplished. A sequence of analytic intermediate processing steps is done in order to render a graphic visualization of significant correlations between pairs of EEG channels. Pearson correlation is utilized to detect synchronic connectivity through the brain areas. Time series in nearly instantaneous time lapses are treated by using Hilbert Huang Transform. An experimental design by submitting a set of students to an abbreviated version Raven visual test is made providing results in correlation maps of cerebral connectivity
Estudio técnico y de costos de nanopartículas de oro para el transporte de fármacos con selenio: modelos computacionales y síntesis verde
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Ingeniería, 2025) Garzón Arboleda, Talia Alexandra; Cerón Villaroel, María Luisa prof. guía; Mendizábal Emaldia, Fernando prof. guía
Este estudio empleó modelos computacionales para analizar las interacciones entre un metabolito que contiene selenio y superficies de AuNPs, utilizando un Modelo Simplificado de Proteína (MSP) para representar interacciones locales con oncoproteínas. Se aplicó la Teoría de Funcionales de la Densidad (DFT) y el software VASP en cinco superficies de oro (100, 110, 111, 321 y 32-1). Los resultados muestran que el metabolito de selenio (SeCH3) mejora la estabilidad del sistema, especialmente en superficies quirales. Además, se evaluó la síntesis verde de AuNPs con hojas de Neem a pequeña escala, la cual resultó más costosa que la opción comercial, pero con ventajas en sostenibilidad y valor estratégico. Se concluye que el modelo de interacción AuNP–Selenio–MSP es factible.
ML models for severity classification and length-of-stay forecasting in emergency units
(Elsevier, 2023-03-02) Candia-Véjar, Alfredo
Length-of-stay (LoS) prediction and severity classification for patients in emergency units in a clinic or hospital are crucial problems for public and private health networks. An accurate estimation of these parameters is essential for better planning resources, which are usually scarce. Although it is possible to find several works that propose traditional Machine Learning (ML) models to face these challenges, few works have exploited advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) on Spanish raw-text vector representations. Consequently, we take advantage of those advances, incorporating sentence embeddings in traditional ML models to improve predictions. Moreover, we apply a strategy based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to provide explanations for these predictions. The results of our case study demonstrate an increase in the accuracy of the predictions using raw text with a minimum preprocessing. The precision increased by up to 2% in the classification of the patient’s post-care destination and by up to 8% in the prediction of LoS in the hospital. This evidence encourages practitioners to use available text to anticipate the patient’s need for hospitalization more accurately at the earliest stage of the care process.
Profiling and characterization of plant-based products consumers in Chile
(Asociación Castellano-Manchega de Sociología (ACMS), 2024-12-14) Campos, Zócimo
The consumption trend of plant-based products has increased worldwide due to different reasons, and Chile has been a good example of this trend. Although sustainability, health, nutrition and taste may all seem to be main drivers for flexitarians seeking plant-based food and beverages, to date there is no research that allows characterizing and profiling Chilean consumers of plant-based products. Hence, this work seeks to close this gap. To address this problem, we conducted an online survey of 512 people, mainly focused on the Metropolitan Region and Valparaíso. Using Ward’s method, we identified 3 clusters: (1) Animal friendly, (2) Planet friendly and (3) Healthy lifestyle, where, respectively, animal welfare, care for the environment and concern for health are prioritized.
The current dilemma of the social healthcare system in Chile: an analysis of the current situation and discussion of the pending reforms, from a social sustainability management viewpoint
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-01) Yanine, Fernando
El sistema sanitario chileno se encuentra en una encrucijada, enfrentándose a importantes disparidades y desigualdades entre sus sectores público y privado. Este capítulo describe la grave situación actual del modelo sanitario chileno y aborda los dilemas a los que se enfrenta la población, que observa cómo el sistema sanitario chileno se encuentra en una encrucijada. Este trabajo destaca las desigualdades en el acceso, la calidad inconsistente de la atención y los problemas de sostenibilidad financiera que afectan al sector público, mientras que la situación del sistema sanitario privado chileno se ve amenazada por las crecientes presiones de las políticas gubernamentales y las incertidumbres que se avecinan. Al examinar los retos estructurales y presentar ejemplos de la vida real, este capítulo subraya la urgente necesidad de reformas integrales. Así, desde la perspectiva de la gestión de la sostenibilidad social, el debate explora cómo puede evolucionar el sistema sanitario chileno para ofrecer servicios equitativos y de alta calidad, manteniendo al mismo tiempo su viabilidad a largo plazo. Este capítulo esboza los principios clave de la sostenibilidad social, basándose en modelos exitosos de otros países, y ofrece una visión general de las reformas pendientes propuestas para abordar estas cuestiones sistémicas. El objetivo es presentar un análisis equilibrado de los posibles impactos de estas reformas en la calidad y la sostenibilidad de la atención sanitaria en Chile, ofreciendo información sobre las perspectivas de las distintas partes interesadas. En última instancia, este capítulo pretende contribuir al debate sobre la creación de un sistema sanitario más justo y sostenible en Chile, capaz de proporcionar servicios de calidad a precios asequibles y de manera oportuna a la población chilena, garantizando que todos los ciudadanos tengan acceso a la atención que necesitan y merecen. The Chilean healthcare system stands at a crossroads, grappling with significant disparities and inequities between its public and private sectors. This chapter describes the dire state of the Chilean healthcare model at present and addresses the current dilemmas faced by the population that stands looking at Chile's althcare system at a crossroad. The work highlights the inequalities in access, inconsistent quality of care, and financial sustainability issues that plague the public sector while the situation of Chile’s private healthcare system is threatened by growing governmental policy pressures and looming uncertainties. By examining the structural challenges and presenting real-life examples, this chapter underscores the urgent need for comprehensive reforms. Thus, through the lens of social sustainability management, the discussion explores how the Chilean healthcare system can evolve to deliver equitable, high-quality services while maintaining long-term viability. The chapter outlines key principles of social sustainability, drawing on successful models from other countries, and provides an overview of the pending reforms proposed to address these systemic issues. The aim is to present a balanced analysis of the potential impacts of these reforms on the quality and sustainability of healthcare in Chile, offering insights into the perspectives of various stakeholders involved. Ultimately, this chapter seeks to contribute to the discourse on creating a more just and sustainable healthcare system in Chile, one that is able to provide quality services at affordable prices in a timely manner for Chile’s population, ensuring that all citizens have access to the care they need and deserve.
UiO-66(Zr) as drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(Elsevier, 2024-06-06) Salazar, Javier
The toxicity for the human body of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) overdoses is a consequence of their low water solubility, high doses, and facile accessibility to the population. New drug delivery systems (DDS) are necessary to overcome the bioavailability and toxicity related to NSAIDs. In this context, UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic framework (MOF) shows high porosity, stability, and load capacity, thus being a promising DDS. However, the adsorption and release capability for different NSAIDs is scarcely described. In this work, the biocompatible UiO-66(Zr) MOF was used to study the adsorption and release conditions of ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac using a theoretical and experimental approximation. DFT results showed that the MOF-drug interaction was due to an intermolecular hydrogen bond between protons of the groups in the defect sites, (μ3 − OH, and − OH2) and a lone pair of oxygen carboxyl functional group of the NSAIDs. Also, the experimental results suggest that the solvent where the drug is dissolved affects the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics are similar between the drugs, but the maximum load capacity differs for each drug. The release kinetics assay showed a solvent dependence kinetics whose maximum liberation capacity is affected by the interaction between the drug and the material. Finally, the biological assays show that none of the systems studied are cytotoxic for HMVEC. Additionally, the wound healing assay suggests that the UiO-66(Zr) material has potential application on the wound healing process. However, further studies should be done.

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Examinando Ingeniería Civil Industrial por Materia "07 - Protección y mejora de la salud humana"

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