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A novel high-throughput method for acrylamide determination in potato chips by high-perfomrmance thin-layer chromatography coupled to fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection
(Springer Nature) Patiño-Arias, Lina
Acrylamide (AA) is a probable human carcinogen present in several highly consumed starchy foods like potato chips. Due to the lack of important chromophore groups in its chemical structure, it is generally derivatized to be detected by ultravio let (UV) or fluorescence (FL). The objective of this work was to develop a novel high-throughput high-performance thin layer chromatography method to determine AA in starchy foods using the fluorescent probe 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarin (7M4MC). The main derivatization factors for AA and N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAA, internal standard) were optimized using a Face-centered Central Composite Design, establishing the following optimal conditions: temperature (50 °C), time (10 min), and catalyst concentration (0.5 mmol/L of 4-dimethylaminopyridine). Chromatography was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using a mobile phase composed of dichloromethane, acetic acid, and acetone (94.5: 3.9: 1.6 v/v/v). The analytical method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Analytical response in the range from 5 to 400 ng/band showed an R2 > 0.998. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed RSD values lower than 7% and 5%, respectively. Mean recovery was 74.43 ± 5.83% (RSD < 8%) and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 92.04 µg/kg and 318.58 µg/kg (0.13 and 0.45 ng/band), respectively. The proposed method exhibited similar results to conventional LC–MS/MS method, offering some advantages like affordability and high-throughput analysis. Overall, the proposed HPTLC method could be a suitable alternative for determining AA in starchy food samples.
Alimentación laboral: ¿un derecho o un privilegio?
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2025-06-27) López-Arana, Sandra
La malnutrición por exceso se produce debido a una mayor ingesta calórica, caracterizada por un alto consumo de alimentos ricos en azúcares, sodio y grasas saturadas, así como un aumento en el consumo de alimentos procesados y ultra procesados. A esto se suma un menor gasto energético y un estilo de vida sedentario. En el entorno alimentario organizacional, definido como el lugar donde se venden o proporcionan alimentos a los trabajadores, estudiantes u otros miembros que se desempeñan en instituciones y organizaciones, estas conductas resultan preocupantes porque pueden impactar en la salud de los trabajadores, reduciendo su bienestar físico y mental y disminuyendo su rendimiento. Factores como el estrés, la falta de tiempo para una alimentación adecuada y la escasa disponibilidad de opciones saludables en el lugar de trabajo tienen efecto tanto en la productividad como en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.
Assessing the Alignment of Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines on Cancer Prevention: A Content Analysis
(MDPI, 2025-05-13) Ortega-Guzmán, Alejandra
Cancer is a multifactorial disease. Evidence suggests that 30% to 50% of cancer incidence is linked to unhealthy behaviors. It is therefore important that dietary recommendations, including population-based dietary guidelines, and public policies be designed to support and facilitate healthier choices. We evaluated the alignment between the updated Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) and cancer prevention recommendations from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF/AICR) and the Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer (LAC-Code). Methods: A qualitative content analysis was performed based on the dissemination and technical documents from the updated Chilean FBDGs (2023), the WCRF/AICR and the LAC Code. A first set of codes was developed to evaluate the relevance of the messages with cancer prevention recommendations, and a second one aimed to characterize the food and diet recommendations included in cancer prevention recommendations and the Chilean FBDGs. Furthermore, we compared the 10 Chilean FBDG messages with the WCRF/AICR and the LAC Code recommendations. Results: The updated Chilean FBDG messages met most of the categories included. Four out of ten of the Chilean FBDG messages were directly aligned with LAC Code and the WCRF/AICR recommendations, five had an indirect relationship, and one was not related to any cancer recommendation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the updated Chilean FBDG messages are most often indirectly aligned with the worldwide and the Latin American region cancer prevention recommendations over the role of diet, nutrition and physical activity in cancer risk among the general population.
Association between dairy consumption and type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity: results from a nationally representative survey in Chilean adults
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2024-08-30) Fuentes, Consuelo
Current evidence suggests an inverse or neutral association between dairy consumption and obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (HT) prevalence. However, there are no studies investigating this relationship in the adult Chilean population. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between dairy product consumption and the prevalence of these diseases in Chilean adults. This cross-sectional study includes data from the latest Chilean National Health Survey (2016-2017), a nationally representative sample of the Chilean population. The outcomes were the prevalence of obesity, T2D, and HT. Dairy consumption was assessed by frequency (categorized as “low”, “medium,” and “high”, according to frequency of consumption), and types of dairy products consumed (i.e., “skimmed” and “whole-fat”) all of which were self-reported. Adjusted Poisson regression models were performed to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). There was no association between the frequency of dairy consumption and the prevalence of obesity, T2D or HT. The preference for whole-fat dairy products was associated with a 47% lower prevalence of T2D in women (PR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35-0.80), 29% lower prevalence of abdominal obesity in men (PR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52-0.97), and 27% lower prevalence of HT in men (PR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.92), after adjusting for potential covariates. Our study suggests that the frequency of dairy consumption is not associated with the prevalence of obesity, T2D, or HT in Chilean adults. La evidencia actual sugiere una asociación inversa o neutra entre el consumo de lácteos y la prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 (T2D) e hipertensión (HT). Sin embargo, no existen estudios que investiguen esta relación en la población adulta chilena. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre el consumo de productos lácteos y la prevalencia de estas enfermedades en adultos chilenos. Este estudio transversal incluye datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile (2016-2017), una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de la población chilena. Los resultados fueron la prevalencia de obesidad, T2D y HT. El consumo de lácteos se midió según la frecuencia (categorías de “bajo”, “medio” y “alto” basadas en la frecuencia de consumo) y los tipos de productos lácteos consumidos (es decir, “descremados” y “enteros”) fueron autoinformados. Se realizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson ajustados para determinar la razón de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC). No se encontró ninguna asociación entre la frecuencia de consumo de lácteos y la prevalencia de obesidad, T2D o HT. La preferencia por productos lácteos enteros se asoció con una prevalencia un 47% menor de T2D en mujeres (RP: 0,53; IC 95%: 0,35-0,80), un 29% menor de obesidad abdominal en hombres (RP: 0,71; IC 95%: 0,52-0,97) y un 27% menor de HT en hombres (RP: 0,73; IC 95%: 0,57-0,92), después de ajustar por posibles covariables. Nuestro estudio sugiere que la frecuencia de consumo de lácteos no está asociada con la prevalencia de obesidad, T2D o HT en adultos chilenos.
Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding, Nutritional Status and Eating Behavior, in Chilean Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
(MPDI, 2025-10-31) Lasserre-Laso, Nicole
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to six months and both nutritional status and eating behavior in Chilean schoolchildren aged 5 to 8 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 109 children aged 8–10 years from three cities in Chile. EBF was assessed retrospectively through caregiver questionnaires. Eating behavior was evaluated using the Spanish version of the CEBQ. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and waist circumference) were obtained following a standardized protocol to determine nutritional status and waistto-height ratio. Differences between EBF and non-EBF groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Eating behavior scores for pro-intake (“food approach”) were strongly associated with obesity among non-EBF children (ratio = 1.24, p = 0.001). Children with abdominal obesity who were not EBF showed higher scores for food approach behaviors (ratio = 1.22, p = 0.011). A significant trend was observed in the subscale Enjoyment of Food and Emotional vereating in children with obesity (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008), abdominal obesity (p = 0.031 and p = 0.017), and cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.036 and p = 0.049) in the non-EBF group, compared to those who were EBF up to 6 months of age. Conclusions: Scores reflecting a tendency toward higher food intake were strongly associated with obesity and other obesity-related parameters in children who did not experience EBF during early childhood. Having been exclusively breastfed, regardless of current nutritional status, was associated with lower scores on pro-obesity behaviors.
Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, physical activity, screen use, and hours of sleep in children under 2 years during lockdown by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
(MDPI, 2022-05-30) Bustos-Arriagada, Edson
Infants and children are a risk group in terms of developing healthy habits, an important aspect if we consider that many of them were born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate compliance with lifestyle recommendations proposed at the national and international levels in children aged 0 to 23 months during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 211 online questionnaires were completed with sociodemographic and lifestyle information of children. Our results show high compliance with the recommendations on breastfeeding intake (78.3% and 69.5% in 0–5-month-old and 6–23-month-old children, respectively); age of starting complementary feeding (87.4%); non-consumption of salt and sugar (80.1%), non-caloric sweeteners (90.7%), and sweet and salty snacks (68.9%); and hours of physical activity (66.8%) and sleep (65.4%). However, we observed low compliance with the recommendations on the age of introduction of dinner (58.0%), eggs (23.0%), legumes (39.2%), and fish (35.1%); low consumption of legumes (43.4%) and fish (20.5%); and low compliance with the recommendations on screen use during meals (59.2%) and daily screen hours (41.2%). In conclusion, feeding behavior, physical activity, use of screens, and hours of sleep in children were altered by confinement during the pandemic, harming the development of healthy lifestyles.
Comportamiento alimentario, suficiencia dietaria y estado nutricional en niños entre 6 a 18 meses
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, 2021) Bustos-Arriagada, Edson
La alimentación infantil presenta características cualitativas y cuantitativas específicas. La influencia de los padres sobre la ingesta de alimentos es crucial en el desarrollo de hábitos y un adecuado estado nutricional. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento alimentario, las características dietarias y estado nutricional en niños entre 6 a 18 meses. Sujetos y Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 199 niños. En una muestra por conveniencia se consignaron datos demográficos y antropométricos para estado nutricional, y antecedentes dietarios, mediante recordatorio de 24 h para el compor- tamiento dietario y la suficiencia alimentaria. Se aplicó t-student y ANOVA de una vía para varia- bles continuas y test chi-cuadrado para categóricas. Resultados: 54,8% mujeres. Estado nutricional: 21,1% sobrepeso y 7,6% obesidad. Un 56,8% de los niños tenían números de comidas acorde su edad. La ingesta promedio de energía fue de 652,9 ± 224,2 calorías diarias. La ingesta de energía y macro- nutrientes fue significativamente mayor en los niños que no consumían leche materna y de 12 a 18 meses. La adecuación energética, lípidos y carbohidratos en las niñas fue significativamente mayor a la de niños. Un 83,1% del consumo de alimentos fueron habituales para este grupo etario. Conclu- sión: En el comportamiento alimentario se encontró que 4 de cada 10 niños presentan números de comidas mayor al sugerido a su edad. En cuanto a la suficiencia dietaría hay una mayor ingesta en los niños con estado nutricional normal, sin LM y entre 12 y 18 meses. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de obesidad, esta fue menor a la observada a nivel nacional.
Depression symptoms are associated with demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and social support among young adults in Chile: a latent class analysis
(Springer Nature, 2024-10-11) Carvajal, Francisca
Background: Depressive disorders are a critical public health concern in Chile. Nonetheless, there is a lack of evidence regarding the identification of depressive symptom clusters. The objective was to identify depressive symptom clusters among Chilean young adults and examine how demographic, and lifestyle factors as well as social support can influence and predict them. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted among 1,000 participants from the Limache cohort 2. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify depressive symptom clusters, using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multinomial logistic regression was then applied to explore the associations between identified classes and potential predictors. The models were adjusted by age and sex. Results: Three latent classes of depressive symptoms were identified: minimal (25.7%); somatic (50.7%) and severe (23.6%). In the severe class for eight out nine depressive symptoms the probabilities were above 50%, and the probability of suicidal ideation was almost a third in this class. Being female (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.63–3.81]), current smoker (AOR, 1.74; 95% CI [1.15–2.65]), having basic education (AOR, 3.12; 95% CI [1.30–7.53]) and obesity (AOR, 2.72; 95% CI [1.61–4.59]) significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to severe class. Higher social support decreased the odds of being in the somatic (OR, 0.96; 95% CI [0.93–0.98]) and severe (OR, 0.92; 95% CI [0.90–0.94]) classes. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of individualized intervention strategies for depression management. Also, the study suggests that nutritional status and social support should be considered when addressing depression in this population.
Disfunción mitocondrial y estrés oxidativo asociado al trastorno del espectro autista: Una revisión narrativa
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2022-02) Etchegaray-Armijo, Karina
El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un conjunto de alteraciones del desarrollo neurológico, deterioro de la interacción social, lenguaje y comunicación, el cual ha aumentado a nivel mundial en los últimos años. El deterioro de esta condición ocurre principalmente a nivel cerebral y actualmente se ha postulado que la disfunción mitocondrial (DM), el aumento del estrés oxidativo y la disminución de la defensa antioxidante conducen a un desequilibrio en la capacidad de contrarrestar los efectos nocivos del estrés oxidativo, como degradación oxidativa de lípidos, proteínas y ADN que puede causar daño en el tejido cerebral, lo que conduce a síntomas clínicos y comportamientos del TEA. La disfunción mitocondrial principalmente puede ocurrir debido a anomalías en la cadena transportadora de electrones, que a su vez induce y aumenta el estrés oxidativo. Por otro lado, el cerebro es sumamente vulnerable al estrés oxidativo, por su alto consumo de oxígeno, su limitada capacidad antioxidante, mayor cantidad de ácidos grasos y hierro. Esta mayor susceptibilidad del cerebro al daño oxidativo destaca la importancia de comprender el papel del estrés oxidativo en las manifestaciones clínicas del TEA. Diversos estudios han observado un aumento de los marcadores de estrés oxidativo y una disminución en las enzimas antioxidantes en el autismo. Por lo tanto, mejorar el estado oxidativo y mantener el equilibrio redox podría mejorar las manifestaciones clínicas del autismo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión narrativa sobre estrés oxidativo y disfunción mitocondrial asociado al trastorno del espectro autista.
Estado nutricional, composición corporal y conducta alimentaria de estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela de Grumetes “Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna” de Talcahuano, Chile
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2024-04-30) Cárdenas-Ovando, Karla
Introducción: El estado nutricional, la composición corporal y los hábitos alimentarios son relevantes para la elegibilidad, entrenamiento y progresión de la carrera naval, por la influencia que tienen estos factores sobre la salud física, mental y rendimiento deportivo de los reclutas. Objetivo: Describir y evaluar el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y la conducta alimentaria de estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela de Grumetes “Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna” de Talcahuano. Métodos: Estudio no experimental de corte transversal a 781 grumetes. Se realizó evaluación antropométrica y de composición corporal por nutricionistas entrenadas, y se aplicó la Encuesta sobre Hábitos Alimentarios de autorreporte. Resultados: Edad 19,2 ± 1,47 años, 35,7% mujeres. Según el estado nutricional, se observó un mayor porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres comparado con los hombres. El IMC se relacionó directamente con la composición corporal; las mujeres presentaron una media de IMC de sobrepeso con mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal y menor porcentaje de masa muscular. La conducta alimentaria se relacionó con estado nutricional significativamente, siendo los cumplimientos de: consumo de lácteos, consumo de legumbres, cena diariamente y no consumo de bebidas alcohólicas más altos en reclutas normopeso que en aquellos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusión: Los grumetes presentaron mayor normopeso, menor obesidad y mejor conducta alimentaria que la población general, debido posiblemente a la preparación física y nutricional en el periodo inicial de la instrucción naval.
Estimating acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural levels in crackers using computer vision: Effects on consumer acceptance
(MDPI, 2026-06-04) Pedreschi, Franco
Crackers are a popular and convenient snack; however, the baking process can produce neo-formed contaminants (NFCs), such as acrylamide (AA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), through non-enzymatic browning reactions. Conventional analytical methods for quantifying these NFCs are complex, labor-intensive, and require specialized personnel. The main objective of this study was to develop computer vision (CV) models based on surface digital image analysis for the rapid prediction of AA and HMF in crackers. Therefore, five baking temperatures (160, 170, 180, 190, and 200 ◦C) and times (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min) were tested and analyzed using CV alongside conventional analytical methods. CV estimates and analytical measurements for AA (4.35–829 μg kg−1) and HMF (0.004–105.4 mg kg−1) contents were compared using cross-validation with a “leave-onetreatment- out” approach. The average error for missing measurements was 3.10% for AA and 3.28% for HMF, validating CV as an efficient tool for the rapid estimation of these NFCs in crackers. Among the cracker samples with AA content below the EU benchmark of 400 μg/kg, evaluated using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test, consumers preferred the samples baked at 180 ◦C for 25 min, which also exhibited the lowest levels of both AA and HMF.
Evaluación y apoyo nutricional en el paciente pediátrico críticamente enfermo: revisión de la literatura
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología, 2021) Etchegaray, Karina
Esta revisión se basa en la mejor evidencia actualmente disponible, y en ella se definen las directrices en relación con la evaluación y manejo nutricional en niños críticamente enfermos. Estas directrices incluyen, los criterios para la detección de la malnutrición, tanto por déficit o exceso, así como, se identifican las recomendaciones y consensos de expertos sobre la estimación energética y de macronutrientes, los cuales pueden ser determinantes en prevenir tanto la sobrealimentación como subalimentación. También se señalan las recomendaciones internacionales sobre el momento de inicio del soporte nutricional para que esta sea oportuna, efectiva y segura, eligiendo la vía de alimentación según condición clínica y tipo de patología en función de disminuir el riesgo de morbimortalidad de estos pacientes. A modo general, se sugiere intensificar la investigación científica, con el fin de disponer de mejor evidencia para diseñar protocolos clínicos internacionales y locales para el manejo nutricional del paciente pediátrico críticamente enfermo.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Technical Guidelines for Chilean Milk Dietary Service on the Microbiological and Nutritional Quality of a Powdered Infant Formula
(MDPI, 2024-10-19) Bustos-Arriagada, Edson
The Chilean Technical Manual for Milk Dietary Service (SEDILE) was evaluated to determine its effectiveness in ensuring the microbiological safety and vitamin D adequacy of a commercially available powdered infant formula (PIF) used in SEDILE. The evaluation focused on whether adherence to the manual’s guidelines positively influenced these factors. Both the PIF and the reconstituted PIF (RIF) were found to be free from Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica contamination, with levels of total coliforms and Escherichia coli within acceptable limits. Moreover, the vitamin D content in the formula was within the expected range. These findings suggest that following the Chilean Technical Manual for SEDILE contributes to the microbiological safety and nutritional adequacy of RIF in dietary services.
Factores de riesgo asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2023) Etchegaray-Armijo, Karina
La pandemia COVID-19 ha provocado cambios en los estilos de vida, principalmente en los hábitos y conductas alimentarias saludables. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la asociación de los hábitos alimentarios, conductas alimentarias familiares, estilos de vida y percepción del estado nutricional con el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio transversal, con una muestra n= 661 niños y adolescentes, mediante un cuestionario de autoinforme en línea realizado durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Se observó 37,5% de malnutrición por exceso. Los estilos de vida como dormir las horas recomendadas según edad y tener conductas familiares saludables disminuyó en 49,0% (OR= 0,510, p= <0,001) y 10,8% (OR= 0,892, p= 0,01) respectivamente, el riesgo de malnutrición por exceso. La percepción de los padres sobre un aumento de peso durante la pandemia, la distorsión del estado nutricional y el riesgo a la salud del estado nutricional de sus hijos aumentó 4.8 (OR= 4,846, p= <0,001), 8,5 (OR= 8,580, p= <0,001) y 3,8 (OR= 3,826, p= 0,001) veces respectivamente, el riesgo de malnutrición por exceso en niños y adolescentes. En conclusión, el confinamiento por COVID-19 y el cierre de las escuelas podrían haber afectado los estilos de vida. Además, es fundamental el rol de los padres en la percepción del estado nutricional y en las conductas alimentarias familiares, ya que podrían ser un factor predictor del riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Estos hallazgos ameritan investigaciones futuras para diseñar planes y programas para evitar las consecuencias relacionadas al sobrepeso y obesidad.
Feeding behaviour and lifestyle of children and adolescents one year after lockdown by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
(MDPI, 2021-11) Bustos-Arriagada, Edson
Lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced feeding behaviour and lifestyle in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyse feeding behaviour and lifestyle in children and adolescents one year after lockdown by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. In this cross-sectional study an online survey was implemented in 1083 parents and care- givers regarding their children’s feeding behaviour and lifestyle and sociodemographic background. The results showed that “eat breakfast daily” (89.2%), “not overnight food intake” (69.9%) and “not fast-food intake” (66.0%) were the most frequent reported feeding behaviours, particularly in pre-school children. Respondents declaring healthy feeding behaviours and lifestyle were 23.4 and 23.7%, respectively, with no significant differences by sex. In pre-school children, families with three or fewer members and parents or caregivers with an undergraduate or postgraduate degree reported a significantly better feeding behaviour and lifestyle compared to families with more than three members and parents or caregivers without an undergraduate or postgraduate degree. In conclusion, the pandemic lockdown had a negative impact in lifestyle in children and particularly in adolescents. Healthier feeding behaviour was associated with fewer family members and parents or caregivers with at least an undergraduate degree.
Food labelling in India: a scoping review of consumer engagement,comprehension, and purchase behaviour
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-11-11) Pahlani, Maneesha
Amid rising packaged food consumption in India and its associated health risks – including obesityand non-communicable diseases – this scoping review synthesised India-specific evidence onconsumer awareness, comprehension, and behavioural responses to food labels on pre-packagedproducts. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysesextension for Scoping Reviews checklist and Arksey and O’Malley framework, five databases(PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched forpeer-reviewed primary studies conducted in India between 2014 and 2024. Studies were included ifthey assessed food label literacy, interpretation, or use in purchase behaviour in Indian settings.Thirty-two studies were included, covering diverse populations and geographic settings.Bibliometric synthesis showed a predominance of cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes, and prac-tices studies, with limited experimental or multidisciplinary research. Findings were organised intothree analytical themes: a) determinants of food label literacy, including socio-demographic andcognitive factors; b) consumer perceptions of label components, their placement on packaging,visual appeal, and cognitive utility; and c) behavioural implications of label engagement and itsperceived influence on purchase intentions. Evidence from this review highlights persistent gapsbetween label awareness, engagement, and purchase intentions. To inform policy and practice –and to advance Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Target 3.4 – reducing premature mortality fromnon-communicable diseases) & Goal 12 (Target 12.8 – promoting awareness and informationaccess) – future research should prioritise experimental and implementation-focused designstailored to India’s demographic, cultural, and market heterogeneity.
Improved extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits, leaves, and stems of Ugni candollei B. and Ugni molinae T. using pressurized aqueous glycerol
(Elsevier, 2026-02-26) Fuentes-Jorquera, Natalia
This study explores the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant potential of fruits, leaves, and stems from two Chilean murta species: Ugni molinae Turcz (red murta) and Ugni candollei Barm (white murta). While the fruits have been previously studied, limited information exists on the phytochemical content of leaves and, in particular, stems, representing a significant knowledge gap. To address this, polyphenols were extracted using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with an aqueous glycerol mixture and compared to conventional maceration with aqueous acetone. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that leaves yielded the highest extractable polyphenols (EPP; up to 131 mg GAE/g dried extract) via PLE, followed by stems and fruits. Antioxidant capacity, evaluated by DPPH and ORAC assays, was strongly correlated with EPP (Spearman coefficients: 0.870 and 0.818), with red murta leaf extracts exhibiting 90 % and 65 % higher antioxidant capacity than stems and fruits, respectively. UHPLC-ESI-MS-QTOF identified 37 phenolic compounds with organ-specific distribution: flavonols and anthocyanins in fruits, myricetin and tannins (corilagin) in leaves, and catechin and dihydroflavonols in stems. Notably, murta stems previously uncharacterized proved to be valuable sources of unique polyphenols that complement those found in fruits and leaves. PLE significantly improved the extraction of certain bioactive compounds from leaves and stems (e.g., quinic acid 71 %, gallic acid 33 %, catechin 13 %), while conventional maceration was more effective for selected fruit compounds (e.g., quercetin-3-O-glucuronide 37 %). These findings expand the phytochemical knowledge of Ugni spp. and support the valorization of underutilized plant parts as functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical applications.
Inclusion of ΑVβ3 integrin into extracellular vesicles in a caveolin-1 tyrosine-14- phosphorylation dependent manner and subsequent transfer to recipient melanoma cells promotes migration, invasion and metastasis
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-17) Huilcaman, Ricardo
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a membrane protein that promotes migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells when phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 (Y14) by a cell intrinsic mechanism involving the activation of a novel Rab5-Rac1 signaling axis. Moreover, CAV1 expressed in aggressive cancer cells is included into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and such EVs increase the metastatic potential of recipient lower grade cancer cells. However, the relevance of CAV1 Y14 phosphorylation in these extrinsic EV-stimulated events remained to be determined. Here we used B16F10 mouse melanoma cells over-expressing wild-type CAV1, phospho-mimetic CAV1(Y14E) or phospho-null CAV1(Y14F) as models to determine how the EV protein content was affected by Y14 phosphorylation and how these EVs modulated the metastatic potential of recipient B16F10 cells lacking CAV1. EVs from B16F10 cells over-expressing wild-type and CAV1(Y14/E) contain CAV1, and other proteins linked to signaling pathways associated with cell adhesion and migration. CAV1 inclusion in EVs was reduced by the Y14F mutation and global protein composition was also significantly different. Moreover, CAV1 wild-type and CAV1(Y14E) EVs promoted migration, as well as invasion of cells lacking CAV1 [B16F10(Mock) cells]. In addition, β3 integrin was transferred via CAV1(Y14E) EVs to B16F10 (Mock) cells, and treatment with such EVs promoted metastasis of recipient B16F10(Mock) cells. Finally, CAV1(Y14E) EV-enhanced migration, invasion and metastasis of recipient cells was blocked by anti-αVβ3 antibodies. In conclusion, CAV1 phosphorylated on Y14 not only intrinsically promotes migration, invasion and metastasis of cells expressing the protein (in cis), but also favors the inclusion of CAV1 into EVs, as well as the extrinsic acquisition of malignant traits in recipient cells, through integrin transfer (in trans).
Integrated strategies for reducing acrylamide, 5-HMF, and furan in colored native and commercial potato chips: Synergistic effects of nutrient solution conductivity and pre-frying treatments
(Elsevier, 2025-08-26) García-Ríos, Diego
Potato chips are a dietary source of potentially carcinogenic neo-formed contaminants, including acrylamide, 5-HMF, and furan. To mitigate these compounds, an agronomic strategy was implemented by increasing the electrical conductivity (EC) of the fertigation solution (1.7 and 4.0 dS m⁻¹), considering two potato cultivars (Desiree and Michuñe negra) grown under controlled conditions across two seasons. Pre-frying treatments namely ultrasound (US) leaching and asparaginase (AW) application were applied before and after cold storage (5°C for 90days). Seasonality and storage significantly influenced contaminant levels. Increased EC reduced cold sweetening in Desiree but had limited effect on Michuñe negra. Combined with US, acrylamide levels decreased to below 750 µg kg⁻¹ in Desiree and 1000 µg kg⁻¹ in Michuñe negra. In addition, 5-HMF was reduced by 60% in Desiree and to undetectable levels in Michuñe negra, suggesting a synergistic effect of EC and US treatments. However, furan levels were not consistently reduced, likely due to distinct formation pathways.
Leucine Intake and Sarcopenia Indicators of an Elderly Group from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago De Chile, Who Participated in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM)
(MDPI, 2024-10-18) Bustos-Arriagada, Edson
Background and objective: The global aging population has led to increased noncommunicable diseases, often linked to poor diet and declining muscle strength and mass. This study assessed leucine intake and sarcopenia indicators among 181 adults aged 60–80 in Santiago, Chile, participating in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM), with 80% being women. Methods: Sarcopenia was evaluated through muscle strength and mass using the EWGSOP2 criteria for its identification. Results: 78.45% of participants did not meet the recommended leucine intake of 3 g per day and sarcopenia was identified in 17.13% of them. The skeletal muscle index was 48.07%, and hand grip strength was 26.52%, with men showing significantly higher grip strength (48.60% vs. 28.80%, p = 0.00). Inadequate leucine intake was more common in those aged 60–75 (85.9%) than those over 75 (p = 0.03). No significant differences in BMI, grip strength, or muscle mass were found between those with adequate and inadequate leucine intake, and PACAM food consumption did not significantly affect these parameters. A sub-analysis showed significant differences in grip strength among powdered dairy drink consumers (35.20% vs. 17.80%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Chilean elderly participating in PACAM present a high prevalence of sarcopenia and leucine deficiency among with no notable benefits from PACAM foods intake. Despite the limitations of the local body composition assessment method, this research addresses a critical public health issue in Chile. Future studies should evaluate physical performance and focus on leucine supplementation to clarify its effects on sarcopenia.

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